NEW YORK STATE – ETIDIoH

The localized #rise of a #B1526 #variant containing an #E484K #mutation in #NY State (MedRxIV, abstract)

[Source: MedRxIV, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

The localized rise of a B.1.526 variant containing an E484K mutation in New York State

Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Pascal Lapierre, Erasmus Schneider, Kirsten St. George, Janice Pata

doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.21251868 | This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice.

Abstract

The E484K mutation in the spike protein of SARS CoV-2 contributes to immune escape from monoclonal antibodies as well as neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma. It appears in two variants of concern: B.1.351 and P.1 but has evolved multiple times in different SARS-CoV-2 lineages, suggesting an adaptive advantage. Here we report on the emergence of a 484K variant in the B.1.526 lineage that has recently become prevalent in New York State, particularly in the New York City metropolitan area. In addition to the E484K mutation, these variants also harbor a D235G substitution in spike that might help to reduce the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies.

Competing Interest Statement: The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement: Initial funding for sequencing was generously provided by the New York Community Trust. This publication was also supported by Cooperative Agreement number NU50CK000516, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health.

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

This work was approved by the New York State Department of Health Institutional Review Board, under study numbers 02-054 and 07-022.

All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.

Yes

Paper in collection COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv

Copyright – The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; B1526; E484K; Immune escape; NY State; USA.

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#COVID19 #Outcomes Among Persons Living With or Without Diagnosed #HIV Infection in #NY #State (Lancet Netw Open, abstract)

[Source: JAMA Network Open, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

COVID-19 Outcomes Among Persons Living With or Without Diagnosed HIV Infection in New York State

James M. Tesoriero, PhD1,2,3; Carol-Ann E. Swain, PhD1; Jennifer L. Pierce, BS1; Lucila Zamboni, PhD1; Meng Wu, PhD1; David R. Holtgrave, PhD2,3; Charles J. Gonzalez, MD1; Tomoko Udo, PhD2,3; Johanne E. Morne, MS1,3; Rachel Hart-Malloy, PhD1,3,4; Deepa T. Rajulu, MS1; Shu-Yin John Leung, MA1; Eli S. Rosenberg, PhD3,4

Author Affiliations: 1 New York State Department of Health, Albany; 2 Department of Health Policy Management and Behavior, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer; 3 Center for Collaborative HIV Research in Practice and Policy, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer; 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e2037069. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37069

Key Points

Question – Is there an association between prior diagnosis of HIV infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, hospitalization, and in-hospital death among residents of New York State?
Findings – In a cohort study of linked statewide HIV diagnosis, COVID-19 laboratory diagnosis, and hospitalization databases, persons living with an HIV diagnosis were more likely to receive a diagnosis of, be hospitalized with, and die in-hospital with COVID-19 compared with those not living with an HIV diagnosis. After demographic adjustment, COVID-19 hospitalization remained significantly elevated for individuals with an HIV diagnosis and was associated with elevated mortality.
Meaning – Persons living with an HIV diagnosis experienced poorer COVID-related outcomes (principally, higher rates of severe disease requiring hospitalization) relative to those without an HIV diagnosis.

Abstract

Importance

New York State has been an epicenter for both the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and HIV/AIDS epidemics. Persons living with diagnosed HIV may be more prone to COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes, yet few studies have assessed this possibility at a population level.

Objective

To evaluate the association between HIV diagnosis and COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, and in-hospital death in New York State.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study, conducted in New York State, including New York City, between March 1 and June 15, 2020, matched data from HIV surveillance, COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed diagnoses, and hospitalization databases to provide a full population-level comparison of COVID-19 outcomes between persons living with diagnosed HIV and persons living without diagnosed HIV.

Exposures

Diagnosis of HIV infection through December 31, 2019.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, and in-hospital death. COVID-19 diagnoses, hospitalizations, and in-hospital death rates comparing persons living with diagnosed HIV with persons living without dianosed HIV were computed, with unadjusted rate ratios and indirect standardized rate ratios (sRR), adjusting for sex, age, and region. Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) for outcomes specific to persons living with diagnosed HIV were assessed by age, sex, region, race/ethnicity, transmission risk, and CD4+ T-cell count–defined HIV disease stage, using Poisson regression models.

Results

A total of 2988 persons living with diagnosed HIV (2109 men [70.6%]; 2409 living in New York City [80.6%]; mean [SD] age, 54.0 [13.3] years) received a diagnosis of COVID-19. Of these persons living with diagnosed HIV, 896 were hospitalized and 207 died in the hospital through June 15, 2020. After standardization, persons living with diagnosed HIV and persons living without diagnosed HIV had similar diagnosis rates (sRR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.91-0.97]), but persons living with diagnosed HIV were hospitalized more than persons living without diagnosed HIV, per population (sRR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.29-1.47]) and among those diagnosed (sRR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.37-1.56]). Elevated mortality among persons living with diagnosed HIV was observed per population (sRR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.07-1.40]) and among those diagnosed (sRR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.13-1.48]) but not among those hospitalized (sRR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.83-1.09]). Among persons living with diagnosed HIV, non-Hispanic Black individuals (aRR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.40-1.81]) and Hispanic individuals (aRR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.83-2.37]) were more likely to receive a diagnosis of COVID-19 than White individuals, but they were not more likely to be hospitalized once they received a diagnosis or to die once hospitalized. Hospitalization risk increased with disease progression to HIV stage 2 (aRR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.11-1.49]) and stage 3 (aRR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.38-2.07]) relative to stage 1.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, persons living with diagnosed HIV experienced poorer COVID-related outcomes relative to persons living without diagnosed HIV; Previous HIV diagnosis was associated with higher rates of severe disease requiring hospitalization, and hospitalization risk increased with progression of HIV disease stage.

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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; HIV/AIDS; New York State; USA.

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#Course of the first month of the #COVID19 #outbreak in the #NY #State counties (PLOS One, abstract)

[Source: PLOS One, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

OPEN ACCESS | PEER-REVIEWED | RESEARCH ARTICLE

Course of the first month of the COVID 19 outbreak in the New York State counties

Anca Rǎdulescu

Published: September 2, 2020 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238560

Abstract

We illustrate and study the evolution of reported infections over the month of March in New York State as a whole, as well as in each individual county in the state. We identify piecewise exponential trends, and search for correlations between the timing and dynamics of these trends and statewide mandated measures on testing and social distancing. We conclude that the reports on April 1 may be dramatically under-representing the actual number of statewide infections, an idea which is supported by more recent retroactive estimates based on serological studies. A follow-up study is underway, reassessing data until June 1, using additional measures for validation and monitoring for effects of the PAUSE directive, and of the reopening timeline.

Citation: Rǎdulescu A (2020) Course of the first month of the COVID 19 outbreak in the New York State counties. PLoS ONE 15(9): e0238560. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238560

Editor: Jeffrey Shaman, Columbia University, UNITED STATES

Received: April 8, 2020; Accepted: August 19, 2020; Published: September 2, 2020

Copyright: © 2020 Anca Rǎdulescu. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Data Availability: The manuscript is based on data available in the public domain, within the following archives (accessed April 6th): https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/tree/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_daily_reports https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/2010/table02.htm https://covidtracking.com/data/state/new-york#historical.

Funding: This author’s research is funded by a Simons Foundation Collaboration Grant for Mathematicians. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Epidemiology; Mathematical Models; USA; NY State.

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Multisystem #Inflammatory #Syndrome in #Children in #NY #State (N Engl J Med., abstract)

[Source: The New England Journal of Medicine, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in New York State

Elizabeth M. Dufort, M.D., Emilia H. Koumans, M.D., M.P.H., Eric J. Chow, M.D., M.P.H., Elizabeth M. Rosenthal, M.P.H., Alison Muse, M.P.H., Jemma Rowlands, M.P.H., Meredith A. Barranco, M.P.H., Angela M. Maxted, D.V.M., Ph.D., Eli S. Rosenberg, Ph.D., Delia Easton, Ph.D., Tomoko Udo, Ph.D., Jessica Kumar, D.O., et al., for the New York State and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Investigation Team*

Abstract

BACKGROUND

A multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is associated with coronavirus disease 2019. The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) established active, statewide surveillance to describe hospitalized patients with the syndrome.

METHODS

Hospitals in New York State reported cases of Kawasaki’s disease, toxic shock syndrome, myocarditis, and potential MIS-C in hospitalized patients younger than 21 years of age and sent medical records to the NYSDOH. We carried out descriptive analyses that summarized the clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes of patients who met the NYSDOH case definition for MIS-C between March 1 and May 10, 2020.

RESULTS

As of May 10, 2020, a total of 191 potential cases were reported to the NYSDOH. Of 95 patients with confirmed MIS-C (laboratory-confirmed acute or recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] infection) and 4 with suspected MIS-C (met clinical and epidemiologic criteria), 53 (54%) were male; 31 of 78 (40%) were black, and 31 of 85 (36%) were Hispanic. A total of 31 patients (31%) were 0 to 5 years of age, 42 (42%) were 6 to 12 years of age, and 26 (26%) were 13 to 20 years of age. All presented with subjective fever or chills; 97% had tachycardia, 80% had gastrointestinal symptoms, 60% had rash, 56% had conjunctival injection, and 27% had mucosal changes. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, d-dimer, and troponin were found in 100%, 91%, and 71% of the patients, respectively; 62% received vasopressor support, 53% had evidence of myocarditis, 80% were admitted to an intensive care unit, and 2 died. The median length of hospital stay was 6 days.

CONCLUSIONS

The emergence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State coincided with widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission; this hyperinflammatory syndrome with dermatologic, mucocutaneous, and gastrointestinal manifestations was associated with cardiac dysfunction.

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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome; Kawasaki disease; Pediatrics; New York; USA.

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#Monitoring #COVID19 through #Trends in #ILI and Laboratory-confirmed #Influenza and COVID-19 – #NY State, excluding #NYC, January 1 – April 12, 2020 (Clin Infect Dis., abstract)

[Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Journal, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Monitoring COVID-19 through Trends in Influenza-like Illness and Laboratory-confirmed Influenza and COVID-19 – New York State, excluding New York City, January 1 – April 12, 2020

Eli S Rosenberg, Eric W Hall, Elizabeth M Rosenthal, Angela M Maxted, Donna L Gowie, Elizabeth M Dufort, Debra S Blog, Dina Hoefer, Kirsten St. George, Brad J Hutton, Howard A Zucker, New York State Coronavirus 2019 Response Team

Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa684, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa684

Published: 31 May 2020

Abstract

Innovative monitoring approaches are needed to track the COVID-19 epidemic and potentially assess the impact of community mitigation interventions. In this report, we present temporal data on influenza-like illness, influenza diagnosis and COVID-19 cases for all four regions of New York State through the first six weeks of the outbreak.

COVID-19, influenza, New York, Epidemiological Monitoring

Issue Section: Brief Report

This content is only available as a PDF.

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; USA; New York.

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Association of #Treatment With #Hydroxychloroquine or #Azithromycin With In-Hospital #Mortality in Patients With #COVID19 in New York State (JAMA, abstract)

[Source: JAMA, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State

Eli S. Rosenberg, PhD1; Elizabeth M. Dufort, MD2; Tomoko Udo, PhD1; et al. Larissa A. Wilberschied, MS2; Jessica Kumar, DO2; James Tesoriero, PhD2; Patti Weinberg, PA3; James Kirkwood, MPH2; Alison Muse, MPH2; Jack DeHovitz, MD3,4; Debra S. Blog, MD2; Brad Hutton, MPH2; David R. Holtgrave, PhD1; Howard A. Zucker, MD2

Author Affiliations: 1 University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer; 2 New York State Department of Health, Albany; 3 IPRO, Lake Success, New York; 4 Downstate Health Sciences University, State University of New York, Brooklyn

JAMA. Published online May 11, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8630

Key Points

Question – Among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is there an association between use of hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, and in-hospital mortality?
Findings – In a retrospective cohort study of 1438 patients hospitalized in metropolitan New York, compared with treatment with neither drug, the adjusted hazard ratio for in-hospital mortality for treatment with hydroxychloroquine alone was 1.08, for azithromycin alone was 0.56, and for combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was 1.35. None of these hazard ratios were statistically significant.
Meaning – Among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, or both was not associated with significantly lower in-hospital mortality.

Abstract

Importance

Hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, has been considered as a possible therapeutic agent for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are limited data on efficacy and associated adverse events.

Objective

To describe the association between use of hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, and clinical outcomes among hospital inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients from a random sample of all admitted patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 25 hospitals, representing 88.2% of patients with COVID-19 in the New York metropolitan region. Eligible patients were admitted for at least 24 hours between March 15 and 28, 2020. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures on admission, outcomes, and adverse events were abstracted from medical records. The date of final follow-up was April 24, 2020.

Exposures

Receipt of both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine alone, azithromycin alone, or neither.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiac arrest and abnormal electrocardiogram findings (arrhythmia or QT prolongation).

Results

Among 1438 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (858 [59.7%] male, median age, 63 years), those receiving hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, or both were more likely than those not receiving either drug to have diabetes, respiratory rate >22/min, abnormal chest imaging findings, O2 saturation lower than 90%, and aspartate aminotransferase greater than 40 U/L. Overall in-hospital mortality was 20.3% (95% CI, 18.2%-22.4%). The probability of death for patients receiving hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin was 189/735 (25.7% [95% CI, 22.3%-28.9%]), hydroxychloroquine alone, 54/271 (19.9% [95% CI, 15.2%-24.7%]), azithromycin alone, 21/211 (10.0% [95% CI, 5.9%-14.0%]), and neither drug, 28/221 (12.7% [95% CI, 8.3%-17.1%]). In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, compared with patients receiving neither drug, there were no significant differences in mortality for patients receiving hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 0.76-2.40]), hydroxychloroquine alone (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.63-1.85]), or azithromycin alone (HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.26-1.21]). In logistic models, compared with patients receiving neither drug cardiac arrest was significantly more likely in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin (adjusted OR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.12-4.05]), but not hydroxychloroquine alone (adjusted OR, 1.91 [95% CI, 0.96-3.81]) or azithromycin alone (adjusted OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.27-1.56]), . In adjusted logistic regression models, there were no significant differences in the relative likelihood of abnormal electrocardiogram findings.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among patients hospitalized in metropolitan New York with COVID-19, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, or both, compared with neither treatment, was not significantly associated with differences in in-hospital mortality. However, the interpretation of these findings may be limited by the observational design.

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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; USA; Antivirals; Chloroquine; Azithromycin.

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#COVID19 #Testing, #Epidemic #Features, #Hospital #Outcomes, and #Household #Prevalence, New York State—March 2020 (Clin Infect Dis., abstract)

[Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

COVID-19 Testing, Epidemic Features, Hospital Outcomes, and Household Prevalence, New York State—March 2020

Eli S Rosenberg, Elizabeth M Dufort, Debra S Blog, Eric W Hall, Dina Hoefer, Bryon P Backenson, Alison T Muse, James N Kirkwood, Kirsten St George, David R Holtgrave, Brad J Hutton, Howard A Zucker, New York State Coronavirus 2019 Response Team

Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa549, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa549

Published: 08 May 2020

Abstract

Background

The United States’ COVID-19 epidemic has grown extensively since February 2020, with substantial associated hospitalizations and mortality; New York State (NYS) has emerged as the national epicenter. We report on the extent of testing and test results during the month of March in NYS, along with risk factors, outcomes, and household prevalence among initial cases subject to in-depth investigations.

Methods

Specimen collection for COVID-19 testing was conducted in healthcare settings, community-based collection sites, and by home testing teams. Information on demographics, risk factors, and hospital outcomes of cases was obtained through epidemiological investigations and an electronic medical records match, and summarized descriptively. Active testing of initial case’s households enabled estimation of household prevalence.

Results

During March In NYS, outside of New York City, a total of 47,326 persons tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, out of 141,495 tests (33% test-positive), with the highest number of cases located in the metropolitan region counties. Among 229 initial cases diagnosed through March 12, by March 30 13% were hospitalized and 2% died. Testing conducted among 498 members of these case’s households found prevalent infection among 57%; excluding first-reported cases 38%. In these homes, we found a significant age gradient in prevalence, from 23% among those <5 years to 68% among those ≥65 years (p<.0001).

Conclusions

New York State faced a substantial and increasing COVID-19 outbreak during March 2020. The earliest cases had high levels of infection in their households and by the end of the month, the risks of hospitalization and death were high.

COVID-19, testing, surveillance, prevalence

Issue Section: Major Article

This content is only available as a PDF.

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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; USA; New York State.

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#Zika virus #testing #considerations: #lessons learned from the first eighty real-time RT-PCR-positive cases diagnosed in #NewYork State (J Clin Microbiol., abstract)

[Source: US National Library of Medicine, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Dec 7. pii: JCM.01232-16. [Epub ahead of print]

Zika virus testing considerations: lessons learned from the first eighty real-time RT-PCR-positive cases diagnosed in New York State.

St George K1, Sohi IS2, Dufort EM2, Dean AB3, White JL2, Limberger R3, Sommer JN2, Ostrowski S2, Wong SJ3, Backenson PB2, Kuhles D2, Blog D2, Taylor J3, Hutton B4, Zucker HA5.

Author information: 1Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY Kirsten.St.George@health.ny.gov. 2Division of Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY. 3Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY. 4Office of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY. 5Office of the Commissioner, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY.

Abstract

The performance and interpretation of laboratory tests for Zika virus (ZKV) continue to be evaluated. Serology is cross-reactive, laborious and frequently difficult to interpret and serum was initially solely recommended for molecular diagnosis. ZKV testing was initiated January 2016 in New York State for symptomatic patients, pregnant women, their infants, and patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome, who traveled to areas with ZKV transmission. Subsequently, eligibility was expanded to pregnant women with sexual partners with similar travel history. Serum and urine collected within four weeks of symptom onset or six weeks of travel were tested with real-time RT-PCR assays targeting the ZKV envelope and NS2B genes. In this review of lessons learned from the first 80 positive cases in NYS, ZKV RNA was detected in urine only in 50 patients, serum only in 19 patients and both samples concurrently in 11 patients, with average viral loads in urine a log higher than in serum. Among 93 positive samples from the 80 patients, 41 were positive on both gene assays, 52 on the envelope only, and none on the NS2B only. Of the 80 infected patients, 74 (93%) would have been resulted as ‘not detected’ or ‘equivocal’, if the “two target positive requirement” in initial federal guidance to public health laboratories was enforced, urine was not tested, or extended eligibility time for molecular testing was not implemented. These changes facilitated more extensive molecular diagnosis of ZKV, reducing reliance on time-consuming and potentially inconclusive serology.

PMID: 27927917 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01232-16

[PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Keywords: Zika Virus; Diagnostic Tests; USA; New York.

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#Geography and #Timing of #Cases of Eastern Equine #Encephalitis [#EEE] in #NewYork #State from 1992 to 2012 (Vector Borne Zoo Dis., abstract)

[Source: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Geography and Timing of Cases of Eastern Equine Encephalitis in New York State from 1992 to 2012 [ ]

To cite this article: Oliver JoAnne, Lukacik Gary, Kramer Laura D., Backenson P. Bryon, Sherwood James A., and Howard John J.. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. February 2016, ahead of print. doi:10.1089/vbz.2015.1864.

Online Ahead of Print: February 22, 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

In New York State (NYS), Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was first reported in a human in 1971, in horses in 1970, and in pheasants in 1952.

Material and Method:

Following work for the interval from 1970 to 1991, we identified cases in vertebrates from 1992 to 2012, through a passive surveillance system involving veterinarians in clinical practice, county health departments, and the Departments of Agriculture and Markets, Environmental Conservation, and Health, of the State of New York.

Result:

During an 11-year hiatus, from 1992 to 2002, no case in any vertebrate was observed. In a re-emergence, from 2003 to 2012, disease occurred in 12 counties, including 7 counties where disease had never been documented. Vertebrate cases included 4 cases in humans and 77 nonhuman occurrences; in 58 horses, Equus ferus caballus L.; 2 deer, Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann; 6 dogs, Canis familiaris; 10 birds; and 1 flock of pheasants, Phasianus colchicus L. These were the first reported cases in NYS in white-tailed deer, the domestic dog, and in five species of birds: American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm; American goldfinch, Carduelis tristis L.; bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus L.; blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata (L.); and red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis Gmelin. One crow was dually infected with EEE virus and West Nile virus. The northern, southern, and southeastern borders of the state were newly affected.

Conclusion:

The geographic area, time periods, and vertebrate species with risk of EEE disease expanded from 1992 to 2012.

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Keywords: Research; Abstracts; USA; New York; Eastern Equine Encephalitis.

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