#Reassortment of #Avian #Influenza A/ #H6N6 #Viruses from Live #Poultry #Markets in #Guangdong, #China (Fron Microbiol., abstract)

[Source: US National Library of Medicine, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 5;7:65.

Reassortment of Avian Influenza A/H6N6 Viruses from Live Poultry Markets in Guangdong, China. [      ]

Yuan R¹, Zou L², Kang Y³, Wu J², Zeng X⁴, Lu J⁴, Liang L², Song Y², Zhang X², Ni H², Lin J², Liao M³, Ke C².

Author information: ¹Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseasesGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China. ²Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious DiseasesGuangzhou, China. ³Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China. ⁴Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health Guangzhou, China.

 

Abstract

Since early 2013, H7N9-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused human infection in eastern China. To evaluate AIV contamination and the public risk of infection, we systematically implemented environmental sampling from live poultry markets in Guangdong Province. Through real-time polymerase chain reaction assays and next-generation sequencing, we generated full nucleotide sequences of all 10 H6N6 AIVs isolated during sampling. Focusing on sequence analyses of hemagglutinin genes of the 10 H6N6 AIVs revealed that the viruses were low pathogenic AIVs with the typical hemagglutinin cleavage site of P-Q-I-E-T-R-G. The hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and nucleocapsid genes of nine AIVs were of ST2853-like (H6-subtype) lineage, ST192-like (N6-subtype) lineage, and HN573-like (H6-subtype) lineage, respectively; whereas the other five genes were of ST339-like (H6-subtype) lineage. However, the polymerase PB2 and nucleocapsid genes of one strain (HZ057) were of GS/GD-like (H5N1-subtype) and ST339-like lineages. Phylogenic analysis revealed that all eight genes of the 10 viruses belonged to Eurasian avian lineage. Altogether, the 10 AIVs were reassortants of different genetic groups of exchanges with the same virus subtype, thus illustrating the genetic diversity and complexity of H6N6-subtype AIVs in Guangdong Province.

KEYWORDS: Guangdong; H6N6; avian influenza virus; live poultry market; reassortment

PMID: 26903958 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Keywords: Research; Abstracts; Avian Influenza; H6N6; Poultry; Guangdong; China.

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#China, #Guangdong: #Kaiping Live #Poultry #Markets close for inspection and cleansing, surveillance for #H7N9 #birdflu #virus #infections (Jangmen Daily, Dec. 18 ‘15, edited)

[Source: Jiangmen Daily, full page: (LINK). Automatic translation, edited.]

#China, #Guangdong: #Kaiping Live #Poultry #Markets close for inspection and cleansing, surveillance for #H7N9 #birdflu #virus #infections [      ]

Source: Jiangmen Daily Time: 2015.12.18

Jiangmen Daily News / On December 15 Kaiping City, live poultry markets were closed for days. To ensure H7N9 prevention and control measures put in place all the morning, Kaiping municipal Bureau of organizational health, Market Authority, Food and Drug Administration, Science and Industry Business Bureau, Urban Management Bureau and other departments, market closed disinfection and poultry inspection flu prevention and control work.

Check the group was divided into three groups, dispatched Kaiping Parkway, green emperor, Gassan, Rooster, Chikan and other markets, on-site inspections of human infection with H7N9 prevention and control of implementation. Wherever he went, the inspection team to learn more about market control measures, closed supervision, etc., if there is a regular closed for disinfection record by viewing each market closed and the cleaning and disinfection accounting, check the market, ask the market purchase channels of live poultry, poultry situation herds, closed arrangements, focusing on poultry premises, cages, slaughtered tool cleaning and disinfection measures were examined. From the inspection situation, each live bird market to comply with the “one cleaned every day, every week a disinfectant, a closed month, zero population” system.

Inspection Unit, poor sanitary conditions and cleaning and disinfection of the market is not in place proposed rectification, requiring market attaches great importance to strengthen the internal market supervision and management of live poultry dealers, prominence closed and sanitation work to ensure that the person H7N9 infection prevention and control measures in place.

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Keywords: China; Guangdong; Avian Influenza; H7N9; Human; Poultry.

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#China, #Guangdong Province reported one #human #case of #H7N9 #avian #influenza virus #infection in November (People.cn, Dec. 15 ‘15, edited)

[Source: People.cn, full page: (LINK). Automatic translation, edited.]

#China, #Guangdong Province reported one #human #case of #H7N9 #avian #influenza virus #infection in November [      ]

At 9:36 on December 15, 2015 Source: Nanfang Daily

The Guangdong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission website reported on December 14 that during November this year, the province had a total of 31,748 cases, 70 deaths of type A and B notifiable infectious diseases. Among them, no cases of type A infectious disease have been detected. In addition to SARS, polio, highly pathogenic avian influenza, anthrax, diphtheria morbidity, mortality report, the remaining 21 kinds of infectious diseases are being reported. One case of H7N9 avian influenza virus infection was confirmed.

(…)

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Keywords: China; Guangdong; H7N9; Avian Influenza; Human.

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#HK, CHP notified of two #human cases of #avian #influenza A(#H7N9) in #Zhejiang & #Guangdong Provinces (CHP, Dec. 11 ‘15)

[Source: Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong PRC SAR, full page: (LINK).]

CHP notified of two human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) on Mainland [      ]

The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) today (December 11) was notified of two human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) in Zhejiang and Guangdong by the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), and again urged the public to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel.

According to the NHFPC, the cases comprise a male farmer aged 60 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and a male farmer aged 74 in Meizhou, Guangdong. They had poultry exposure history and are currently in serious condition.

“Based on previous seasonal patterns, it is likely that the activity of avian influenza viruses will increase in winter. Heightened vigilance is warranted. Locally, we will work closely with the World Health Organization and relevant health authorities to monitor the latest developments,” a spokesman for the DH said.

So far, six cases have been reported by the NHFPC since October 2015 (five in Zhejiang and one in Guangdong).

From 2013 to date, 663 human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) have been reported by the Mainland health authorities.

The DH’s Port Health Office conducts health surveillance measures at all boundary control points. Thermal imaging systems are in place for body temperature checks on inbound travellers. Suspected cases will be immediately referred to public hospitals for follow-up.

The display of posters and broadcast of health messages in departure and arrival halls as health education for travellers is under way. The travel industry and other stakeholders are regularly updated on the latest information.

Travellers, especially those returning from avian influenza-affected areas with fever or respiratory symptoms, should wear masks, seek medical attention and reveal their travel history to doctors. Healthcare professionals should pay special attention to patients who might have had contact with poultry, birds or their droppings in affected areas.

The public should remain vigilant and take heed of the advice against avian influenza below:

* Do not visit live poultry markets and farms. Avoid contact with poultry, birds and their droppings;
* If contact has been made, thoroughly wash hands with soap;
* Avoid entering areas where poultry may be slaughtered and contact with surfaces which might be contaminated by droppings of poultry or other animals;
* Poultry and eggs should be thoroughly cooked before eating;
* Wash hands frequently with soap, especially before touching the mouth, nose or eyes, handling food or eating; after going to the toilet or touching public installations or equipment (including escalator handrails, elevator control panels and door knobs); and when hands are dirtied by respiratory secretions after coughing or sneezing;
* Cover the nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing, hold the spit with a tissue and put it into a covered dustbin;
* Avoid crowded places and contact with fever patients; and
* Wear masks when respiratory symptoms develop or when taking care of fever patients.

The public may visit the CHP’s pages below for more information:

* The avian influenza page (www.chp.gov.hk/en/view_content/24244.html);
* The weekly Avian Influenza Report (www.chp.gov.hk/en/view_content/3879.html);
* Global statistics and affected areas of avian influenza (www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/global_statistics_avian_influenza_e.pdf);
* The Facebook Page (www.fb.com/CentreforHealthProtection); and
* The YouTube Channel (www.youtube.com/c/ChpGovHkChannel).

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Keywords: HK PRC SAR; Updates; China; Zhejiang; Guangdong; H7N9; Avian Influenza; Human.

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#China, #H7N9: #Birdflu virus found in Hanghzou and other places (#RTHK, Dec. 9 ‘15, edited)

[Source: RTHK, full page: (LINK). Automatic translation, edited.]

Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Wenzhou and other places have found H7N9 bird flu [      ]

2015-12-10 HKT 00:09

Hangzhou CDC said, Shaoxing, Hangzhou and the surrounding, Wenzhou and other places, have been found H7N9 avian influenza. Center, said Hangzhou has entered the H7N9 avian influenza epidemic season; experts reminded the public away from live poultry, pay attention to personal protection. In the last month, since Guangdong Meizhou diagnosed winter, the first case of human infection of H7N9 avian influenza, the patient was a 70-year-old farmer.

(…)

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Keywords: Avian Influenza; China; Guangdong; H7N9; Poultry; Human.

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Live #Bird #Exposure among the General #Public, #Guangzhou, #China, May 2013 (Plos One, abstract)

[Source: US National Library of Medicine, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

PLoS One. 2015 Dec 1;10(12):e0143582. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143582.

Live Bird Exposure among the General Public, Guangzhou, China, May 2013. [      ]

Liao Q¹, Yuan J², Lau EH¹, Chen GY³, Yang ZC², Ma XW², Chen JD², Liu YH², Wang C², Tang XP⁴, Liu YF², Zhuo L⁴, Leung GM¹, Zhang W⁵, Cowling BJ¹, Wang M², Fielding R¹.

Author information: ¹School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China. ²Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China. ³Panyu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China. ⁴The Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China. ⁵Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China.

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

A novel avian-origin influenza A(H7N9) caused a major outbreak in Mainland China in early 2013. Exposure to live poultry was believed to be the major route of infection. There are limited data on how the general public changes their practices regarding live poultry exposure in response to the early outbreak of this novel influenza and the frequency of population exposure to live poultry in different areas of China.

METHODOLOGY:

This study investigated population exposures to live birds from various sources during the outbreak of H7N9 in Guangzhou city, China in 2013 and compared them with those observed during the 2006 influenza A(H5N1) outbreak. Adults were telephone-interviewed using two-stage sampling, stratified by three residential areas of Guangzhou: urban areas and two semi-rural areas in one of which (Zengcheng) A(H7N9) virus was detected in a chicken from wet markets. Logistic regression models were built to describe practices protecting against avian influenza, weighted by age and gender, and then compare these practices across residential areas in 2013 with those from a comparable 2006 survey.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:

Of 1196 respondents, 45% visited wet markets at least daily and 22.0% reported buying live birds from wet markets at least weekly in April-May, 2013, after the H7N9 epidemic was officially declared in late March 2013. Of those buying live birds, 32.3% reported touching birds when buying and 13.7% would slaughter the poultry at home. Although only 10.1% of the respondents reported raising backyard birds, 92.1% of those who did so had physical contact with the birds they raised. Zengcheng respondents were less likely to report buying live birds from wet markets, but more likely to buy from other sources when compared to urban respondents. Compared with the 2006 survey, the prevalence of buying live birds from wet markets, touching when buying and slaughtering birds at home had substantially declined in the 2013 survey.

CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:

Although population exposures to live poultry were substantially fewer in 2013 compared to 2006, wet markets and backyard poultry remained the two major sources of live bird exposures for the public in Guangzhou in 2013. Zengcheng residents seemed to have reduced buying live birds from wet markets but not from other sources in response to the detection of H7N9 virus in wet markets.

PMID: 26623646 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Keywords: Research; Abstracts; H7N9; H5N1; Avian Influenza; Poultry; Human; Live Poultry Markets; China; Guangdong.

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#China, #Guangdong: season’s first #human case of #H7N9 #birdflu #virus #infection reported (CNEB, Nov. 24 ‘15, edited)

[Source: China National Emergency Broadcasting, full page: (LINK). Automatic translation, edited.]

#China, #Guangdong: season’s first #human case of #H7N9 #birdflu #virus #infection reported [      ]

2015-11-24 09:21 Source: Guangzhou Daily

Guangzhou Daily (Reporter He Xuehua) – On November 23 Meizhou City, Guangdong, reported the first case of human infection of H7N9 flu this winter in the region, according the Ministry of Health and Family Planning Commission.

The case is a Meizhou man who bought a few chickens, some of them died, and the remaining was butchered for consumption. Subsequently, the man started to feel uncomfortable, and was hospitalized in Guangzhou, where he tested positive for H7N9 flu.

Meizhou City People’s Government informed (…). According to the relevant notice issued on November 21, after the confirmation of the human infection with H7N9 virus, on 30 November, the town closed the poultry market (…), and the poultry slaughtering site, cages were cleaned and disinfected.

Each hospital Emergency Department and general practitioners need to strengthen health protection, once a patient with the fever, upper respiratory tract infection symptoms is detected; the patients should be referred to a health institution for treatment.

(…)

On Nov. 23 evening, the Ministry of Health and Family Planning Commission was informed that the case has been confirmed.

Public health experts have warned that during the winter season Guangdong Province has an increased risk for H7N9 influenza cases to occur in sporadic manner, the situation does not exclude the emergence of multiple sporadic cases since active trading of live poultry in various cities. Studies have shown that live animal markets, especially in the retail market exposure are risk factors for H7N9 flu.

(…)

Editor: Wang Jihua

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Keywords: China; Guangdong; H7N9; Avian Influenza; Human.

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