mcr1 – ETIDIoH

#Plasmid-Mediated #mcr-1 #Colistin #Resistance in #Escherichia coli from a Black Kite in #Russia (Antimicrob Agents Chemother., abstract)

[Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Black Kite in Russia

Hassan Tarabai, Adam Valcek, Ivana Jamborova, Sergey V. Vazhov, Igor V. Karyakin, Rainer Raab, Ivan Literak, Monika Dolejska

DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01266-19

ABSTRACT

The gene mcr-1 conferring resistance to last-line antibiotic colistin has been reported globally. Here we describe the first detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Russian wildlife, an isolate of Escherichia coli sequence type 2280 from a black kite (Milvus migrans), scavenging raptor. Whole genome sequencing and plasmid transferability experiments revealed that mcr-1.1 was located on a conjugative IncI2 plasmid pDR164 (59891 bp). Migratory Black Kites may contribute to the global spread of mobile colistin resistance.

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Keywords: Antibiotics; Drugs Resistance; Colistin; MCR1; E. Coli; Wild Birds; Russia.

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#Resistance to critically important #antimicrobials in #Australian silver #gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) and evidence of #anthropogenic origins (J Antimicrob Chemother., abstract)

[Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Resistance to critically important antimicrobials in Australian silver gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) and evidence of anthropogenic origins

Shewli Mukerji, Marc Stegger, Alec Vincent Truswell, Tanya Laird, David Jordan, Rebecca Jane Abraham, Ali Harb, Mary Barton, Mark O’Dea, Sam Abraham

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, dkz242, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz242

Published: 09 July 2019

Abstract

Objectives

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) amongst Gram-negative bacteria can feasibly be transferred amongst wildlife, humans and domestic animals. This study investigated the ecology, epidemiology and origins of CIA-resistant Escherichia coli carried by Australian silver gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae), a gregarious avian wildlife species that is a common inhabitant of coastal areas with high levels of human contact.

Methods

Sampling locations were widely dispersed around the perimeter of the Australian continent, with sites separated by up to 3500 km. WGS was used to study the diversity and molecular characteristics of resistant isolates to ascertain their epidemiological origin.

Results

Investigation of 562 faecal samples revealed widespread occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (21.7%) and fluoroquinolone-resistant (23.8%) E. coli. Genome sequencing revealed that CIA-resistant E. coliisolates (n = 284) from gulls predominantly belonged to human-associated extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) clones, including ST131 (17%), ST10 (8%), ST1193 (6%), ST69 (5%) and ST38 (4%). Genomic analysis revealed that gulls carry pandemic ExPEC-ST131 clades (O25:H4 H30-R and H30-Rx) and globally emerging fluoroquinolone-resistant ST1193 identified among humans worldwide. Comparative analysis revealed that ST131 and ST1193 isolates from gulls overlapped extensively with human clinical isolates from Australia and overseas. The present study also detected single isolates of carbapenem-resistant E. coli (ST410-blaOXA-48) and colistin-resistant E. coli (ST345-mcr-1).

Conclusions

The carriage of diverse CIA-resistant E. coli clones that strongly resemble pathogenic clones from humans suggests that gulls can act as ecological sponges indiscriminately accumulating and disseminating CIA-resistant bacteria over vast distances.

Topic: colistin – epidemiology – animals, domestic – australia – aves – clone cells – disease transmission – drug resistance, microbial – ecology – feces – fluoroquinolones – genome – gram-negative bacteria – intestines – prescriptions, drug – surgical sponges – bacteria – silver – antimicrobials – escherichia coli – pandemics – genome sequencing – carbapenem resistance – extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli – whole genome sequencing

Issue Section: ORIGINAL RESEARCH

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

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Keywords: Antibiotics; Drugs Resistance; Carbapenem; Colistin; Fluoroquinolones; MCR1; E.Coli; Wild Birds; Australia.

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Eliminating #mcr1-harbouring #plasmids in #clinical isolates using the #CRISPR/Cas9 system (J Antimicrob Chemother., abstract)

[Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Eliminating mcr-1-harbouring plasmids in clinical isolates using the CRISPR/Cas9 system

Pengxia Wang, Dongmei He, Baiyuan Li, Yunxue Guo, Weiquan Wang, Xiongjian Luo, Xuanyu Zhao, Xiaoxue Wang

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, dkz246, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz246

Published: 15 June 2019

Abstract

Objectives

To eliminate mcr-1-harbouring plasmids and MDR plasmids in clinical Escherichia coli isolates.

Methods

Plasmid pMBLcas9 expressing Cas9 was constructed and used to clone target single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for plasmid curing. The recombinant plasmid pMBLcas9-sgRNA was transferred by conjugation into two clinical E. coliisolates. The curing efficiency of different sgRNAs targeting conserved genes was tested. The elimination of targeted plasmids and the generation of transposase-mediated recombination of p14EC033a variants were characterized by PCR and DNA sequencing.

Results

In this study, four native plasmids in isolate 14EC033 and two native plasmids in isolate 14EC007 were successfully eliminated in a step-by-step manner using pMBLcas9. Moreover, two native plasmids in 14EC007 were simultaneously eliminated by tandemly cloning multiple sgRNAs in pMBLcas9, sensitizing 14EC007 to polymyxin and carbenicillin. In 14EC033 with two mcr-1-harbouring plasmids, IncI2 plasmid p14EC033a and IncX4 plasmid p14EC033b, a single mcr-1 sgRNA mediated the loss of p14EC033b and generated a mutant p14EC033a in which the mcr-1 gene was deleted. An insertion element, IS5, located upstream of mcr-1 in p14EC033a was responsible for transposase-mediated recombination, resulting in mcr-1 gene deletion instead of plasmid curing.

Conclusions

CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to efficiently sensitize clinical isolates to antibiotics in vitro. For isolates with multiple plasmids, the CRISPR/Cas9 approach can either remove each plasmid in a stepwise manner or simultaneously remove multiple plasmids in one step. Moreover, this approach can be used to delete multiple gene copies by using only one sgRNA. However, caution must be exercised to avoid unwanted recombination events during genetic manipulation.

Topic: plasmids – crispr

Issue Section: ORIGINAL RESEARCH

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Keywords: Antibiotics; Drugs Resistance; MCR1; Colistin; CRISPR.

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Co-Occurrence of #mcr-1 and qnrS1 on an IncHI2 #Plasmid in #Clinical Isolates of #SalmonellaTyphimurium in #Spain (Vector Borne Zoo Dis., abstract)

[Source: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Co-Occurrence of mcr-1 and qnrS1 on an IncHI2 Plasmid in Clinical Isolates of SalmonellaTyphimurium in Spain

Teresa Trujillo-Soto, Jesús Machuca, Jorge Arca-Suárez, Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias, and Fátima Galán-Sánchez

Published Online: 30 May 2019 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2018.2398

Abstract

Salmonella enterica is a well-adapted zoonotic bacterium associated to cases of gastroenteritis and bacteremia with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, three isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium obtained from human clinical samples, showing colistin resistance and low-level resistance to quinolones, have been genetically characterized. We detected the co-occurrence of mcr-1 and qnrS1 on a single IncHI2 plasmid in isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium obtained from Spanish children without a travel history. The multiresistant region contained numerous resistance genes. Isolates were clonally related, which suggests the presence of these clones in the community and the potential to cause outbreaks affecting the most susceptible population. It is necessary to monitor the presence of these plasmid-mediated resistance genes in human European strains of Salmonella spp. because of the risk of producing outbreaks of community-acquired infections.

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Keywords: Antibiotics; Drugs Resistance; Colistin; Quinolones; Salmonella Typhimurium; Spain.

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Detection of #colistin #resistance #mcr-1 gene in #Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen isolated from #mussels, #Spain, 2012 to 2016 (Euro Surveill., abstract)

[Source: Eurosurveillance, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Detection of colistin resistance mcr-1 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen isolated from mussels, Spain, 2012 to 2016

Antonio Lozano-Leon1,2, Carlos Garcia-Omil1, Jacobo Dalama1, Rafael Rodriguez-Souto1, Jaime Martinez-Urtaza3, Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona4

Affiliations: 1 ASMECRUZ Laboratory. Playa de Beluso s/n 36939, Pontevedra, Spain; 2 CI8 Research Group. Department Chemistry and Food Analysis, University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; 3 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom; 4 Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States

Correspondence: Antonio Lozano-Leon

Citation style for this article: Lozano-Leon Antonio, Garcia-Omil Carlos, Dalama Jacobo, Rodriguez-Souto Rafael, Martinez-Urtaza Jaime, Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol. Detection of colistin resistance mcr-1 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen isolated from mussels, Spain, 2012 to 2016. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(16):pii=1900200. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.16.1900200

Received: 20 Mar 2019; Accepted: 16 Apr 2019

Abstract

Nineteen Salmonella strains were isolated from 5,907 randomly selected mussel samples during a monitoring programme for the presence of Salmonella in shellfish in Galicia, north-west Spain (2012–16). Serovars, sequence type and antimicrobial resistance genes were determined through genome sequencing. Presence of the mcr-1 gene in one strain belonging to serovar Rissen and ST-469 was identified. The mcr-1 gene had not been isolated previously in environmental Salmonella isolated from mussels in Spain.

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Keywords: Antibiotics; Drugs Resistance; Colistin; MCR1; Salmonella enterica; Spain.

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#Synergistic effect of #colistin combined with PFK-158 against colistin-resistant #Enterobacteriaceae (Antimicrob Agents Chemother., abstract)

[Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Synergistic effect of colistin combined with PFK-158 against colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Youwen Zhang, Xiukun Wang, Xue Li, Limin Dong, Xinxin Hu, Tongying Nie, Yun Lu, Xi Lu, Jing Pang, Guoqing Li, Xinyi Yang, Congran Li, Xuefu You

DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00271-19

ABSTRACT

As increasing numbers of colistin-resistant bacteria emerge, new therapies are urgently needed to treat infections caused by these pathogens. The discovery of new combination therapies is one important way to solve such problems. Herein, we report that the antitumor drug PFK-158 and its analogs PFK-015 and 3PO can exert synergistic effects with colistin against colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including mcr-1 positive or high-level colistin resistant (HLCR) isolates, as shown by a checkerboard assay. The results of a time-killing assay revealed that colistin combined with PFK-158 continuously eliminated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli 13-43, Klebsiella pneumoniae H04 and Enterobacter cloacae D01 in 24 h. Images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 5 h post-inoculation confirmed the killing effect of the combination. Finally, the in vivo treatment showed that PFK-158 had a better synergistic effect than its analogs. Compared to the corresponding rates after colistin monotherapy, the survival rates of systemically infected mice were significantly increased 30% or 60% when the mice received an intravenous injection of colistin in combination with 15 mg/kg PFK-158. These results have important implications for repurposing PFK-158 to combat colistin resistance.

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Keywords: Antibiotics; Drugs Resistance; Enterobacteriaceae; MCR1; Colistin.

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Most #domestic #livestock possess #colistin-resistant commensal #Escherichia coli harboring #mcr in a rural community in #Vietnam (Antimicrob Agents Chemother., abstract)

[Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]

Most domestic livestock possess colistin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli harboring mcr in a rural community in Vietnam

Ryuji Kawahara, Yoshihiro Fujiya, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Diep Thi Khong, Thang Nam Nguyen, Hoa Thi Tran, Yoshimasa Yamamoto

DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00594-19

ABSTRACT

Colistin is recognized as the last resort for treatment of life-threatening infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria; however, the increasing prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria harboring the mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr) poses a threat to the treatment (1).…

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Keywords: Antibiotics; Drugs Resistance; Colistin; E. Coli; Livestock; Vietnam; MCR1.

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